Hi, it varies for vitamins, some are stored efficiently and some are not. You would want to hit your vitamin needs averaged out over week or so, no need to hit them every day. See Diatary Reference Intakes (US).
Minerals are excreeded mostly in your urine on a daily basis. You just wanna hit your needs on average over a couple days as well. Depending on where you live you will not have a hard time to hit most of them tho if you are healthy. They are present in most foods except for iodine (mostly seafood/fish iodized salt), iron (red meat), calcium (dairy products) and fluorine (water fluoridarion and toothpaste, not that you are supposed to eat it (don’t do it)).
How long your individual micronutrient stores hold is not a trivial question and i’m only in my 3rd of 8 semesters.
Best advice is to eat a rich and varied diet with lots of fruits and vegetables and you’ll be fine. Look at your countires recommendations and do what works for you.
Hope this helps a bit.